The type of transport that requires both chemical energy in the form of ATP and proteins is known as active transport. In active transport, molecules move ‘against’ their concentration gradient, which means they are being transported from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
This process is facilitated by specific proteins known as carrier proteins. These proteins change shape to help move the molecules across the cell membrane, which is necessary since the natural tendency of molecules is to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Active transport is essential for maintaining cellular functions, including nutrient uptake and ion balance, and it relies on the energy provided by ATP, which is produced primarily in the mitochondria of cells.