The two subatomic particles that have charges are protons and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. Neutrons, on the other hand, are neutral and do not have any electric charge.
Protons are found in the nucleus of an atom and contribute to the atomic number, which defines the element. Electrons orbit the nucleus and are crucial for chemical bonding and reactions. The balance between the number of protons and electrons in an atom determines its overall charge; if there are more protons than electrons, the atom is positively charged, and if there are more electrons, it is negatively charged. This balance plays a significant role in the stability of matter and the formation of compounds.