During the Middle Ages, one of the most significant conflicts between religions in Europe was between Christianity and Islam. This was most notably exemplified by the Crusades, a series of religious wars initiated by the Christian states of Europe against Muslim territories in the Holy Land.
The Crusades began in the late 11th century and continued for several centuries, with the primary goal of reclaiming Jerusalem and other sacred sites that were under Muslim control. These religious conflicts were not only about faith; they also involved political power, territorial expansion, and economic gain. The battles between these two religions shaped much of Europe’s medieval history and left a lasting impact on Christian-Muslim relations.