The time period that came before the Renaissance is known as the Middle Ages or the Medieval Period, which lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th century.
The Middle Ages began after the decline of the Roman Empire and is typically divided into three phases: the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages.
During this time, Europe experienced significant social, political, and economic changes. The feudal system became the dominant social structure, and the Catholic Church held substantial influence over daily life and politics.
Art and culture during the Middle Ages were heavily centered around religious themes, with much of the art being created for the Church. This period laid the groundwork for the revival of classical learning and the questioning of traditional authorities that characterized the Renaissance, starting in the 14th century.