The structure of the eye that performs transduction is the retina. The retina is a thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eye. It contains photoreceptor cells known as rods and cones that are responsible for converting light into electrical signals.
When light enters the eye, it gets focused by the lens onto the retina. The rods are more sensitive to light and are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions, while the cones enable color vision and are crucial for seeing fine details. Once the light hits these photoreceptors, they undergo a chemical change that generates electrical impulses. These impulses are then sent to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to perceive images. In this way, the retina plays a vital role in the process of visual perception by performing transduction, which transforms light energy into neural signals.