The Milgram experiment employed a laboratory experiment as its primary research method. This approach allowed the researchers to control various variables and systematically test the hypothesis regarding obedience to authority figures.
In the study, participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to a learner, who was actually an actor and not receiving real shocks. The setup was designed to observe how far individuals would go in following instructions from an authority figure, even when asked to perform actions conflicting with their personal conscience.
The use of a controlled environment helped Milgram observe participant behavior in a structured setting, providing clear insights into the psychological mechanisms at play. Through this method, Milgram was able to generate quantitative data regarding the level of shock administered, as well as qualitative insights into the participants’ feelings and justifications for their actions.