The process that requires oxygen to function is aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process that uses oxygen to convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves several stages, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
In contrast, anaerobic respiration, alcoholic fermentation, and lactate fermentation do not require oxygen. These processes occur in the absence of oxygen and are less efficient in producing ATP compared to aerobic respiration. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a method of ATP production that occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but it does not directly require oxygen.
In summary, aerobic respiration is the only process among the options that requires oxygen to function effectively.