Groundwater is primarily formed through a process known as infiltration. This occurs when precipitation, such as rain or snow, falls onto the ground and seeps down through the soil and rock layers. As the water moves downward, it passes through various layers, including soil, sand, and gravel, which help filter and purify the water.
Once the water reaches a certain depth, it accumulates in porous rock formations known as aquifers. These aquifers are essential for storing groundwater and can vary in size and capacity. The rate at which groundwater is formed depends on several factors, including the amount of precipitation, the type of soil, and the geological characteristics of the area.
In summary, the infiltration of water through the soil after precipitation is the critical process that leads to the formation of groundwater. This natural process is vital for maintaining water supplies for ecosystems and human use.