The word “without” is primarily classified as a preposition.
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. In the case of “without,” it indicates the absence or lack of something, implying that something is missing or not included.
For example, in the sentence “She walked without her umbrella,” the word “without” shows the relationship between “she” (the subject) and “umbrella” (the noun), indicating that the umbrella is absent during her walk.
In conclusion, “without” serves to connect elements within a sentence, describing a specific circumstance regarding the noun it references.