The organelle responsible for transporting proteins within the cell is the Golgi apparatus. This organelle plays a crucial role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.
Here’s how it works:
- Proteins are first synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- These proteins are then transported to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles.
- Once inside the Golgi apparatus, the proteins undergo further modifications, such as the addition of carbohydrates (glycosylation).
- The Golgi apparatus then sorts these proteins and packages them into new vesicles.
- These vesicles transport the proteins to their final destinations, which could be the cell membrane, lysosomes, or outside the cell.
In summary, the Golgi apparatus is essential for the proper transport and modification of proteins, ensuring they reach the correct locations within or outside the cell.