Hernan Cortes, the Spanish conquistador known for his expedition that led to the fall of the Aztec Empire, utilized several navigational tools that were instrumental in his voyages across the Atlantic and his incursions into Mexico.
One of the primary tools he relied on was the compass. The compass allowed Cortes to determine direction accurately, which was crucial for navigating the open seas. Although magnetic compasses were not as advanced as modern technology, they provided a reliable means of navigation during that era.
Another important tool was the astrolabe, which helped sailors determine their latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or stars above the horizon. This was key for Cortes to chart his course accurately across the vast ocean.
Cortes also made use of charts and maps available from earlier explorers. These resources provided valuable information about coastlines, currents, and potential landing spots, significantly aiding his navigation.
In addition to these tools, Cortes relied heavily on local knowledge. Upon arriving in Mexico, he sought the guidance of native peoples who were familiar with the land. This approach not only helped him navigate the terrain but also provided insights into political alliances and rivalries among indigenous groups.
In summary, Hernan Cortes employed a combination of navigational tools including the compass, astrolabe, maps, and local knowledge to successfully navigate his expeditions and ultimately achieve his objectives in the New World.