The primary metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria matrix is the Krebs Cycle, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle or Citrate Cycle.
The Krebs Cycle plays a crucial role in cellular respiration, where it processes acetyl-CoA, derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, to produce energy. During this cycle, a series of enzyme-driven reactions occurs that results in the production of electron carriers, namely NADH and FADH2, along with ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell.
Additionally, the cycle generates carbon dioxide as a waste product, which is then expelled from the cell and ultimately exhaled by organisms. The NADH and FADH2 produced are then utilized in the electron transport chain, which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to produce more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. In summary, the Krebs Cycle is vital for aerobic energy production and takes place in the mitochondria matrix, underscoring the mitochondria’s role as the powerhouse of the cell.