Transcription is the process by which genetic information is transferred from d) DNA to mRNA. During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process is essential for decoding the genetic instructions stored in DNA, allowing for the synthesis of proteins based on these instructions.
To elaborate, the DNA molecule unwinds, and the specific genes are transcribed into mRNA. Once the mRNA has been synthesized, it exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. This entire process is crucial for the expression of genes and the functioning of cells in living organisms.