The tundra biome is characterized by its cold temperatures, with a typical temperature range of -40°F to 60°F (-40°C to 15°C) depending on the season and location.
In winter, temperatures can plummet to as low as -40°F (-40°C), while summer temperatures can rise to around 50°F to 60°F (10°C to 15°C). However, even in summer, the temperatures remain relatively low compared to many other biomes.
This biome also experiences a short growing season, lasting only a few weeks to a couple of months, during which temperatures are warm enough to sustain plant growth. The chilling conditions and permafrost, a permanently frozen layer beneath the surface, greatly influence the ecosystem, limiting the types of vegetation that can thrive there and creating a unique habitat for various species adapted to such harsh environments.