The strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria is known as the cell wall.
The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell. In plants and algae, it is primarily made up of cellulose, a carbohydrate that forms long chains, providing rigidity and strength. This allows plants to maintain their shape and withstand various environmental stresses.
In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, which gives it a unique structure distinct from that of plant and algal cell walls. Peptidoglycan consists of sugars and amino acids, forming a mesh-like layer that protects the cell and helps maintain its shape.
Overall, the cell wall is essential for the survival of these organisms as it not only provides protection but also plays a crucial role in growth and development.