Photosynthesis is primarily driven by sunlight. Plants, algae, and some bacteria capture light energy from the sun using a pigment called chlorophyll, which is found in their chloroplasts. This light energy is then converted into chemical energy through a series of complex biochemical reactions.
In simple terms, during photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil. Using sunlight, they transform these raw materials into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. The glucose serves as an energy source for the plant, while the oxygen is released as a byproduct, contributing to the atmosphere.
This process not only fuels the growth and energy needs of the plants themselves but also forms the foundation of the food chain, as many organisms depend on plants for their energy and nutrients.