The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is known as catabolism. This is a vital part of metabolism, where complex molecules are converted into simpler ones, releasing energy that can be used by the body.
Catabolism typically occurs in a series of chemical reactions that can involve different pathways depending on the type of molecule being broken down. For example, carbohydrates are broken down into sugars like glucose, proteins are decomposed into amino acids, and fats are reduced to fatty acids and glycerol.
This process not only provides energy but also plays a crucial role in recycling cellular components. The smaller molecules generated through catabolism can be used to build up other necessary compounds in the body, a process known as anabolism. Thus, catabolism and anabolism work together to maintain the body’s metabolic balance and ensure that cells have the energy and building blocks they need to function effectively.