The powerhouse of the cell is known as the mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria). These specialized organelles play a crucial role in converting nutrients into energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is essential for the cell’s activities.
Mitochondria are involved in a process called cellular respiration. During this process, the cell uses oxygen and sugar (glucose) to produce ATP. The overall chemical reaction involves breaking down glucose molecules to release energy, which is then used to produce ATP.
Cellular respiration can be summarized in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate. The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, where the pyruvate is further oxidized, generating electron carriers. Finally, the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, uses these carriers to produce ATP and water. This entire process is vital for providing the energy cells need to function properly.