The opposite of cognitive learning is often considered to be behavioral learning. While cognitive learning focuses on the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, understanding, and reasoning, behavioral learning emphasizes observable behaviors and the responses to external stimuli.
Cognitive learning theories suggest that learners can actively process information, make connections, and apply critical thinking skills. This type of learning encourages understanding and retention through integration with prior knowledge. Examples include problem-solving tasks and critical analysis.
In contrast, behavioral learning theories, which include classical conditioning and operant conditioning, look at how external rewards and punishments can shape behavior. This approach focuses on stimulus-response behaviors rather than mental processes. For instance, training through reinforcement—such as rewarding a student for correct answers—illustrates this learning style.
Understanding the difference between these two approaches helps educators and trainers choose the most effective methods for teaching and learning according to the context and goals.