The chemical name for HClO3 is chloric acid.
Chloric acid is an oxoacid of chlorine, where chlorine is in a +5 oxidation state. The compound is made up of one hydrogen atom, one chlorine atom, and three oxygen atoms.
In the context of acid nomenclature, when a specific acid contains an ‘-ate’ ion, like chlorate (ClO3–), the corresponding acid takes the name of that ion but is modified to include ‘acid’ at the end. Therefore, since the chlorate ion is ClO3–, when we add an H+ to form HClO3, the resulting compound is known as chloric acid.