The scientific system of naming living organisms is called binomial nomenclature.
This system, developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, uses a two-part naming convention. The first part of the name indicates the genus to which the organism belongs, and the second part specifies the species. For example, in the name Homo sapiens, Homo is the genus, and sapiens is the species.
Binomial nomenclature is important because it provides a standard way for scientists to refer to organisms, minimizing confusion that can arise from common names, which can vary by region and language. This system ensures that each species has a unique and universally accepted name, facilitating clearer communication in the scientific community.