The most superficial layer of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum. This outer layer is made up of dead skin cells that have flattened and hardened. The main function of the stratum corneum is to provide a protective barrier for the underlying layers of the skin. It helps to prevent water loss and shields against environmental factors like pathogens and UV radiation.
The cells in this layer are continuously shed and replaced, a process that is crucial for maintaining healthy skin. As these dead cells are sloughed off, new cells from the deeper layers move up to take their place, ensuring that the skin remains resilient and functional.