The largest organelle in plants is the central vacuole. This organelle plays a crucial role in maintaining the plant’s structure and overall health.
The central vacuole can occupy up to 90% of a plant cell’s volume. It is filled with a solution of water, nutrients, and waste products. One of its primary functions is to store substances that the plant needs, such as ions, sugars, and pigments. Additionally, it helps maintain turgor pressure, which is essential for keeping the plant upright and healthy.
When a plant cell is full of water, the central vacuole expands, pushing against the cell wall and providing structural support. Conversely, if the vacuole loses water, the cell can become flaccid, leading to wilting in plants. Thus, the central vacuole is not only a storage center but also plays a significant role in the plant’s growth and stability.