Wetlands and estuaries are both important ecosystems, but they have distinct characteristics. A wetland is defined as an area where water covers the soil, either permanently or seasonally. This includes marshes, swamps, and bogs, which are often saturated with water and are crucial for biodiversity, water filtration, and flood control.
On the other hand, an estuary is the area where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean. Estuaries are typically characterized by brackish water, which is a mix of fresh and saltwater. They serve as crucial habitats for many species of fish and birds and are often very productive because of the nutrient-rich waters.
In summary, the primary difference lies in their location and water salinity: wetlands can occur anywhere with sufficient water, whereas estuaries are specifically coastal areas where freshwater and saltwater converge.