Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is classified as an ionic compound. This classification is based on its chemical structure and the nature of its bonding.
Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons from one to another, leading to the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). In the case of sodium chloride, sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl), resulting in the formation of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl–). The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions creates the ionic bond that holds the compound together.
Furthermore, sodium chloride can also be classified as a simple salt, as it is composed of two elements (sodium and chlorine) and is a crystalline solid at room temperature. It is also categorized as a neutral salt because it does not exhibit acidic or basic properties in solution, making it a commonly used seasoning and preservative in food.