Retardation in music refers to a technique where the tempo gradually slows down. It often serves to create a sense of anticipation or emotional weight before a significant moment in a piece of music. This slowing down can occur at various points, such as at the end of a phrase or section, allowing the listener to absorb the preceding material.
The effect of retardation can be subtle, and it is typically used in conjunction with other expressive elements, such as dynamics and articulation. Musicians use retardation to enhance the overall dramatic impact of a performance, often leading into a climax or transition with a heightened emotional response. Understanding how and when to employ retardation effectively can add depth to both composition and performance.