Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms where one organism, known as the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other organism, called the host. The parasite derives nutrients or other benefits from the host, often harming it in the process.
For example, one well-known instance of parasitism is seen in tapeworms. These worms live in the intestines of their hosts, such as humans or other animals, and absorb nutrients from the food that the host consumes. This can lead to malnutrition and other health issues for the host.
Another example is the relationship between fleas and cats or dogs. Fleas feed on the blood of their hosts, which can lead to irritation, allergic reactions, and even anemia in severe cases for the host animal.
In the plant kingdom, mistletoe can be considered a parasitic plant. It attaches itself to a host tree and extracts water and nutrients, which can weaken the host and make it more susceptible to disease.
These examples illustrate how parasitism can be detrimental to the host organism while providing essential benefits to the parasite.