The oxidation number of lead (Pb) can vary depending on the compound it is in. The most common oxidation states of lead are +2 and +4.
In its +2 oxidation state, lead loses two electrons, which is typical for metallic elements. This occurs in compounds such as lead(II) oxide (PbO) and lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4).
In its +4 oxidation state, lead loses four electrons, as seen in lead(IV) oxide (PbO2). This state is less stable and can be found in specific chemical reactions or conditions.
To summarize, while lead most commonly exhibits oxidation states of +2 and +4, its actual oxidation number in a specific chemical environment can change based on the other elements it is bonded with.