When rocks melt deep underground, they form a substance known as magma. This molten rock is a result of intense heat and pressure, which causes the minerals within the rocks to break down and blend together.
Magma is less dense than the solid rock surrounding it, which allows it to rise towards the surface. As it ascends, it can collect in underground chambers or fissures, where it may cool slowly to form intrusive igneous rocks, such as granite. If magma reaches the surface, it can erupt from a volcano as lava, which then cools to form extrusive igneous rocks like basalt.
The process of rock melting and magma formation is fundamental to the rock cycle and plays a crucial role in shaping our planet’s geology. It also contributes to volcanic activity, which can have a significant impact on the environment and atmosphere.