Ecological isolation is a form of reproductive isolation that occurs when two populations of organisms are separated due to differences in their habitats or ecological niches. This means that even if two species live in the same geographic area, they may not interact or reproduce with one another because they occupy different environments or utilize different resources.
For example, think about two species of frogs that inhabit the same region. One species might prefer to live in ponds while the other prefers streams. Even though they are in close proximity, their preference for different habitats prevents them from mating. This separation leads to reduced gene flow between the populations, which can result in the development of distinct species over time.
Ecological isolation plays a crucial role in the process of speciation, where one species evolves into two or more distinct species. By limiting interactions and reproduction between groups, ecological isolation can contribute to the divergence of traits and genetic differences, ultimately leading to biodiversity.