Astigmatism is a common vision condition that causes blurred vision due to the irregular shape of the cornea or the lens inside the eye. In a normal eye, the cornea and lens are smooth and evenly curved in all directions, which helps to focus light rays sharply onto the retina at the back of the eye. However, in an eye with astigmatism, the cornea or lens is not evenly curved. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, resulting in blurred vision at any distance.
Astigmatism can occur in combination with other vision problems such as nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia). It is usually present from birth and can remain stable or change over time. Symptoms of astigmatism include blurred or distorted vision, eye strain, headaches, and difficulty with night vision.
Astigmatism is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. It can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. The goal of treatment is to adjust the way light enters the eye, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina and improve vision clarity.