Another name for parallel evolution is convergent evolution. While parallel evolution refers specifically to the independent evolution of similar traits in related species that have shared a common ancestor, convergent evolution describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species that do not share a recent common ancestor.
This phenomenon occurs because distinct species can encounter similar environmental challenges, leading them to develop analogous adaptations despite their different evolutionary paths. The result is that they may exhibit similar characteristics or functions even though their lineages are separate.