An organism that obtains its energy and most nutrients from consuming plants or animals is called a heterotroph. Heterotrophs are unable to produce their own food through photosynthesis or other means, so they rely on consuming other organisms to meet their energy and nutritional needs. This group includes animals, fungi, and some bacteria and protists.
There are different types of heterotrophs based on their diet:
- Herbivores: These organisms primarily consume plants. Examples include cows, deer, and rabbits.
- Carnivores: These organisms primarily consume other animals. Examples include lions, eagles, and sharks.
- Omnivores: These organisms consume both plants and animals. Examples include humans, bears, and pigs.
- Detritivores: These organisms consume dead organic material. Examples include earthworms and dung beetles.
Heterotrophs play a crucial role in the ecosystem by helping to recycle nutrients and energy through the food chain.