A titrant is a solution of known concentration that is added to a solution of unknown concentration during a titration. The goal of the titration is to determine the concentration of the unknown solution by carefully measuring the amount of titrant required to reach a specific endpoint, typically indicated by a color change or a pH shift.
During the process, the titrant reacts with the analyte (the substance being measured) in a controlled manner. By knowing the precise concentration of the titrant and measuring the volume that is used, we can calculate the concentration of the unknown solution using stoichiometry. This makes titrants essential in analytical chemistry for quantifying substances in a variety of fields, including pharmaceuticals, food, and environmental testing.