In Margaret Atwood’s dystopian novel The Handmaid’s Tale, a Martha is a member of a subclass of women responsible for domestic chores, including cooking, cleaning, and serving in the households of the elite. Marthas are assigned to wealthy families, particularly those connected to the ruling class of Gilead, and their primary role is to support the household, often taking care of children and maintaining the home while the Wives focus on bearing children.
The name ‘Martha’ is symbolic, drawn from the biblical figure who served Jesus, emphasizing the role of these women in servitude and domesticity. In the world of Gilead, Marthas have lost their autonomy and agency, much like other groups within the society. They wear a distinct uniform, typically green, which sets them apart from other women, such as Handmaids and Wives.
Marthas navigate their existence under a harsh regime, juggling their duties while often feeling the weight of their limited freedoms. Their role highlights the broader themes of oppression, the subjugation of women, and the complexities of survival within a totalitarian context.