The atom that has 8 protons and 10 electrons is called anions of oxygen, specifically the oxide ion (O2-). In terms of atomic structure, protons determine the element’s identity, and having 8 protons places it firmly in the element category of oxygen.
The number of electrons in an atom usually equals the number of protons, resulting in a neutral charge. However, in this case, there are 10 electrons, which means the atom has gained 2 extra electrons, thereby acquiring a negative charge. This leads to the conclusion that we have an ion, specifically a negatively charged ion, known as an anion.
In summary, when an atom of oxygen gains two additional electrons beyond its usual number of 8, it becomes an oxide ion with the chemical formula O2-, reflecting its extra negative charge.