The molecules of sugar are primarily made up of three elements: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). In the most common type of sugar, which is glucose, the formula is C6H12O6.
To explain further, each sugar molecule is a combination of these three elements in specific ratios. The carbon atoms form the backbone of the sugar structure, while the hydrogen and oxygen are arranged in a way that creates the specific properties we associate with sugars, such as sweetness and solubility in water. The arrangement of these atoms affects how sugars interact with other molecules, making them essential not only for energy storage but also for various biological functions.