The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system plays a critical role in the body’s fight-or-flight response. When stimulated, it prepares the body to react to stressors by prioritizing certain physiological responses.
One of the primary effects of sympathetic stimulation is an increase in blood glucose levels. This is because the body releases glucose into the bloodstream to provide immediate energy to muscles and vital organs. In contrast, digestive processes, including gastrointestinal (GI) peristalsis, are generally slowed down as resources are redirected from digestion to more immediate survival needs. Therefore, we observe decreased GI peristalsis during sympathetic activation.
Additionally, the sympathetic stimulation results in an increased heart rate and blood pressure. This is essential for improving blood flow to muscles and vital organs during times of stress. Essentially, the body is gearing up for a quick response, and these cardiovascular changes facilitate that.
In summary, sympathetic division stimulation leads to increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. Each of these responses helps the body to handle a challenging situation more effectively.