The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. Specifically, it quantifies the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present in the solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral, indicating that the concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions (OH–) are equal. A pH less than 7 signifies an acidic solution, characterized by a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, while a pH greater than 7 denotes a basic or alkaline solution, with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions.
Understanding pH is crucial in various fields, including chemistry, biology, agriculture, and environmental science, as it influences chemical reactions, the solubility of compounds, and biological processes. For instance, enzymes in biological systems often have an optimal pH range in which they function best. Therefore, accurately measuring and managing pH levels is essential for maintaining health and balance in different systems.