Homology is evidence of common ancestry while analogous structures are evidence of convergent evolution.
Homologous structures are anatomical features that share a common origin, even if their functions may differ. For example, the forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats all have similar bone structures, indicating that these species share a common ancestor.
On the other hand, analogous structures arise when different species evolve similar traits independently, typically as a response to similar environmental challenges. A classic example is the wings of bees and birds, which serve the same function but evolved separately. This phenomenon is known as convergent evolution, where unrelated species adapt to similar ecological niches.