Genetic alteration refers to the modification of DNA, which is the substance found in the nucleus of cells. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms and many viruses.
When we talk about genetic alteration, it often involves techniques such as gene editing or transgenic technology, where specific sequences within the DNA can be changed or replaced. This can lead to changes in how cells behave, how they respond to their environment, and ultimately, how an organism develops or functions.
Understanding genetic alteration is crucial for applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, where researchers seek to enhance certain traits or develop new capabilities in organisms.