Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister during World War I, sought several key outcomes from the Treaty of Versailles that would benefit Italy and ensure its status as a major player in the post-war order. His primary objectives included territorial expansion and recognition of Italy’s sacrifices during the war.
Orlando was particularly focused on securing territorial gains, specifically in regions that had a significant Italian population or were historically tied to Italy. This included territories such as South Tyrol, Trentino, and Istria, as well as promises regarding the Dalmatian coast and parts of the Adriatic. He believed that these acquisitions would not only reward Italy for its contributions to the Allied victory but also enhance its national prestige.
Despite his hopes, Orlando faced significant challenges at the Paris Peace Conference, as the major powers, particularly the United States and Britain, had other priorities that often overshadowed Italy’s claims. Ultimately, he left the conference feeling betrayed and disappointed, as Italy received only a fraction of what it had sought. This sense of betrayal was encapsulated in the phrase ‘mutilated victory’ that became a rallying cry in Italian politics following the treaty.