Condensation occurs when water vapor in the air cools and changes into liquid water. This process is primarily driven by a drop in temperature, which can happen for a variety of reasons. One of the main causes is the cooling of air as it rises. When air rises, it expands due to lower pressure at higher altitudes, which leads to a decrease in temperature.
Another key factor influencing condensation is the presence of moisture in the air. Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air. Therefore, if warm, moist air is cooled to its dew point temperature—the temperature at which the air becomes saturated—condensation occurs. This is often seen in the formation of clouds or dew.
Additionally, condensation can be triggered by direct contact with cooler surfaces, such as a glass of iced water or cold windows. When warm air meets these cooler surfaces, it cools down, leading to condensation.
In summary, the temperature change that causes condensation is largely a result of air cooling either due to rising altitude, direct contact with cooler surfaces, or when it reaches its dew point, allowing water vapor to transition into liquid form.