The underlying cause of the Cold War can best be described as a fundamental ideological clash between capitalism and communism. After World War II, two superpowers emerged: the United States, which championed a capitalist system, and the Soviet Union, which promoted a communist ideology. This conflict was not just political but also economic and social, as each side sought to expand its influence globally.
The U.S. aimed to contain the spread of communism, fearing that it would threaten democratic institutions and free-market economies. Conversely, the Soviet Union sought to promote communism, believing it to be the only solution to social injustices and inequalities.
Additionally, historical grievances, mutual suspicion, and the aftermath of the war played significant roles in intensifying hostilities. Events like the Berlin Blockade, the arms race, and various proxy wars exemplified the growing tensions. Ultimately, the lack of understanding and willingness to cooperate between the two ideologies created a prolonged period of geopolitical tension known as the Cold War.