The two major abiotic factors that determine the type of terrestrial biome in an area are climate and soil type.
Climate encompasses various elements such as temperature, precipitation, and seasonal variations. These factors heavily influence the types of vegetation and wildlife that can thrive in a certain area. For instance, a region with high temperatures and low rainfall tends to evolve into a desert biome, while areas with moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall may develop into temperate forests.
Soil type also plays a crucial role in defining biomes. Different soil compositions and qualities affect nutrient availability and water retention, which in turn impact plant growth. For example, rich, loamy soil supports lush grasslands, whereas sandy soils, which drain quickly, are less conducive to dense vegetation.