Convergent plate boundaries are regions where tectonic plates move towards each other, leading to various geological phenomena. There are three main types of convergent plate boundaries:
- Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence: This occurs when two oceanic plates collide. One plate is usually subducted beneath the other, forming deep ocean trenches and volcanic island arcs. An example is the Mariana Trench and the Mariana Islands.
- Oceanic-Continental Convergence: In this type, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. The denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the lighter continental plate, creating mountain ranges and volcanic activity. The Andes Mountains in South America are a result of this type of convergence.
- Continental-Continental Convergence: When two continental plates collide, neither is subducted due to their similar densities. Instead, the collision results in the formation of large mountain ranges. The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate.
Understanding these types of convergent boundaries helps explain the formation of various geological features on Earth.