The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels are formed from the decomposed remains of ancient plants and animals, subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years.
1. Coal: Coal is a solid fossil fuel that is primarily used for electricity generation and steel production. It is mined from the earth and comes in various types, including anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite, each with varying energy contents and uses.
2. Oil: Oil, or petroleum, is a liquid fossil fuel that is refined into various fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. It also serves as a raw material in the production of many chemicals and plastics. Oil reservoirs are found deep beneath the Earth’s surface, requiring extraction techniques like drilling.
3. Natural Gas: Natural gas is mostly composed of methane and is considered the cleanest burning fossil fuel. It is used for heating, electricity generation, and as a feedstock for producing hydrogen and fertilizers. Natural gas is often found in conjunction with oil and can be extracted from shale deposits through methods like fracking.
These fossil fuels are significant energy sources but also raise environmental concerns, including greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Their extraction and consumption have a profound impact on our planet and climate.