The repeating subunits that make up DNA are called nucleotides.
Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and consist of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
When nucleotides link together, they form long chains, and the specific sequence of these nucleotides encodes genetic information. The structure of DNA is often described as a double helix, where two strands of nucleotides twist around each other, held together by base pairs (A with T and C with G). This exquisite arrangement is essential for DNA’s ability to store and transmit genetic information.