Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. These elements are combined in specific ratios to form different types of carbohydrates. The general formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n, where ‘n’ represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
There are three main types of carbohydrates:
- Monosaccharides: These are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
- Disaccharides: These are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together. Common examples are sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose.
- Polysaccharides: These are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides. Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Carbohydrates play a crucial role in providing energy to the body and are an essential part of a balanced diet.