Enzyme complexes that break down proteins are called proteases or proteinases.
Proteases are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in various biological processes by catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins. This action breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, which are essential for numerous functions in living organisms, including digestion, cell signaling, and the regulation of biological processes. There are different types of proteases, categorized based on their active site and mechanism of action, including serine proteases, cysteine proteases, aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases. Each type operates in specific environments in the body, highlighting the complexity and importance of protein breakdown in biology.